合歡山位於2,300-3,400公尺的高山地區,因此,植物林相呈現高山森林組成的型態。合歡山以冷杉與玉山箭竹為主要林相;臺灣冷杉分佈於海拔2,800~3,500公尺之冷溫帶,生活在冷杉林之上的玉山箭竹,因土壤淺薄貧瘠、低溫且風大等因素,形成低矮景象。
玉山箭竹之地下莖蔓延於土壤中,若遇森林火災,地上部份焚燒迅速,惟地下莖可不受影響,故在森林火災後,箭竹可迅速地恢復且生長濃密,稱之為「林火適存植物」。
Mount Hehuan sits at an altitude of 2,300–3,400 meters; the fauna is thus primarily composed of alpine forest. Mount Hehuan’s forests are primarily Taiwan white fir (Abies kawakamii ) and Yushan cane (Yushania niitakayamensis). The Taiwan white fir trees grow in the cool temperate zone, at altitudes of 2,800–3,500 meters, while Yushan cane lives at the higher altitude over the Taiwan white fir forest. Yushan cane grows low to the ground due to the thin, infertile soil, low temperatures, and strong wind.
Yushan cane's underground stems spread deep into the soil. When there is a forest fire, the above-ground part burns quickly, but the underground stems are not affected. This means that, after the fire , the Yushan cane can recover quickly and grow densely, which is why it is called a “forest fire-adapted plant”.
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哺乳類 Mammals
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合歡山國家森林遊樂區內的哺乳類動物包括華南鼬鼠、白面鼯鼠、台灣森鼠、條紋松鼠、高山白腹鼠、台灣長尾鼬、台灣田鼠等,其中絕大部分的哺乳類動物都屬於臺灣特有種。此外,臺灣高山小黃鼠狼也是本區具有代表性的哺乳類動物。
The mammals in the Hehuanshan National Forest Recreation Area include the Siberian weasel (Mustela sibirica), the Taiwan giant flying squirrel (Petaurista lena), the Formosan wood mouse (Apodemus semotus), the Formosan striped squirrel (Tamiops maritimus formosanus), the soft-furred Taiwan niviventer (Niviventer culturatus), the Taiwan long-tailed weasel , and the Taiwan vole (Microtus kikuchii). Most of these are endemic to Taiwan. The Taiwan least weasel (Mustela formosana) is also an emblematic inhabitant of the region.
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鳥類 Birds
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合歡山因地處的鳥類主要出沒在冷杉及箭竹林間之地帶,包括有岩鷚、酒紅朱雀、火冠戴菊鳥、金翼白眉、煤山雀等高山鳥類。
Mount Hehuan’s Taiwan white fir and Yushan cane areas are home to many alpine birds, such as the alpine accentor (Prunella collaris), the vinaceous rosefinch (Carpodacus vinaceus), the Taiwan firecrest (Regulus goodfellowi), the Formosan laughing thrush (Trochalopteron morrisonianum), and the coal tit (Periparus ater).
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兩棲爬蟲類 Amphibians & Reptiles
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合歡山地區有上古時代孑遺兩棲類動物-山椒魚,屬於珍貴稀有的保育類動物,山椒魚是有尾兩棲類,為一萬年前冰河撤退以後所留下的孓遺生物,臺灣更是山椒魚全球分佈的最南界,而外表紋飾美麗之雪山草蜥,在合歡山大草原中可發現其蹤跡,為台灣特有種,外表紋飾美麗之雪山草蜥,具有研究價值之台灣特有種爬蟲類。
There is an ancient amphibian species in the Mount Hehuan area: The Taiwan salamander (Hynobius formosanus). They are both precious and rare, and are protected. The Taiwan salamander is a tailed amphibian, a remnant left after the retreat of the glaciers 10,000 years ago; Taiwan marks the southernmost boundary of the global distribution of salamanders. Besides, the Xueshan grass lizard (Takydromus hsuehshanensis), which has beautiful stripes, can be found in the meadows of Mount Hehuan. It is a species of reptile endemic to Taiwan and has great research value.
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蝶類 Butterflies
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合歡山國家森林遊樂區因位高海拔,氣候寒冷,只有夏季溫暖群花盛放時偶可見採蜜之蝶影飛舞,惟種類與數量均少,包括青帶鳳蝶、白紋鳳蝶、臺灣紋白蝶、青擬蛺蝶、狹翅挵蝶、黑挵蝶等,其中以青帶鳳蝶、白紋鳳蝶較具觀賞價值。
Due to the high altitude and cold climate of the Hehuanshan National Forest Recreation Area, butterflies can only be seen occasionally in the summer when the flowers are in full bloom. The number of species, and total number of butterflies, is low, however. Species include the common bluebottle (Graphium sarpedon connectens), Papilio nephelus (swallowtails), Indian cabbage white (Pieris canidia), blue pansy/blue argus (Junonia orithya), shiny-spotted bob (Isoteinon lamprospilus formosanus), restricted demon (Notocrypta curvifascia), and others. The common bluebottle and swallowtails are perhaps the prettiest.
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